Reapply "Began preparing for conda deployment"

This reverts commit 3bbef9ac3e.

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/miniconda:1-3
+
+# Copy environment.yml (if found) to a temp location so we update the environment. Also
+# copy "noop.txt" so the COPY instruction does not fail if no environment.yml exists.
+COPY environment.yml* .devcontainer/noop.txt /tmp/conda-tmp/
+RUN if [ -f "/tmp/conda-tmp/environment.yml" ]; then umask 0002 && /opt/conda/bin/conda env update -n base -f /tmp/conda-tmp/environment.yml; fi \
+    && rm -rf /tmp/conda-tmp
+
+# [Optional] Uncomment to install a different version of Python than the default
+# RUN conda install -y python=3.6 \
+#     && pip install --no-cache-dir pipx \
+#     && pipx reinstall-all
+
+# [Optional] Uncomment this section to install additional OS packages.
+# RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
+#     && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends <your-package-list-here>